Used as an abrasive in grinding and polishing applications due to its hardness and durability. Commonly found in sandpapers, cutting tools, and industrial grinding wheels for metal surface finishing, including rust and roughness removal. Serves as a catalyst support in chemical reactions, especially in petroleum refining, gas processing, and petrochemical industries. Employed in the production of refractory materials and as a lining in high-temperature furnaces because of its high melting point and thermal stability. Used in ceramics for strength, high-temperature resistance, and electrical insulation, as well as in dental implants for biocompatibility. Acts as a moisture absorbent in chromatography, a component in water filtration systems, and an additive in plastics and rubber to enhance wear resistance. Also utilized in the manufacture of aluminum metal through the electrolytic process.