Used as an abrasive in sandpapers and grinding wheels due to its hardness. Commonly found in cutting tools and polishing compounds. Serves as a catalyst support in chemical reactions. Employed in the production of aluminum metal through electrolysis. Used in ceramics and refractory materials because of high thermal stability. Applied as a protective coating on surfaces to resist wear and corrosion. Found in biomedical implants for improved durability. Used in electronics as an electrical insulator and substrate material. Also utilized in chromatography as a stationary phase for separating mixtures.