Used as an abrasive in grinding and cutting tools due to its hardness. Common in sandpapers, grinding wheels, and polishing compounds. Serves as a catalyst support in chemical reactions, especially in petroleum refining. Employed in the production of refractory materials because of high thermal stability. Used in coatings for wear resistance and in electronics as an electrical insulator. Found in biomedical applications such as implants due to biocompatibility and wear resistance. Also used in chromatography as a stationary phase for separating compounds.