Used in biochemical and analytical applications to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in the range of 4.0 to 6.0. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and enzyme assays where consistent pH is critical for accurate results. Frequently used in DNA and protein purification processes, as it helps prevent degradation and maintains biomolecule stability. Also utilized in pharmaceutical formulations and quality control testing to ensure product consistency and efficacy. Its buffering capacity makes it suitable for industrial processes requiring precise pH control.