Used in biochemical and analytical laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, especially in enzymatic reactions where pH control is critical. Commonly applied in DNA extraction protocols to stabilize pH during cell lysis and precipitation steps. Also utilized in chromatography and electrophoresis for consistent buffer conditions. In pharmaceutical formulations, it helps adjust and maintain pH during drug preparation. Its buffering capacity around pH 4.5 to 5.5 makes it ideal for preserving the activity of pH-sensitive biomolecules.