Used as a coating additive to enhance surface hardness and scratch resistance in optical films and display materials. Provides excellent dispersion in solvent-based systems, making it ideal for anti-reflective and wear-resistant coatings. Applied in electronic devices to improve thermal stability and electrical insulation. Also utilized in polishing slurries for precision finishing of semiconductor wafers and glass substrates. Its nano-scale particles enable uniform thin films in dip-coating and spin-coating processes.