Used as a coating additive to enhance surface hardness and scratch resistance in optical lenses, display screens, and protective films. Improves wear resistance when added to lubricants and polishing slurries for precision finishing of semiconductors and metals. Employed in ceramic processing to improve dispersion and sintering uniformity, resulting in stronger, more reliable components. Applied in filtration systems and catalyst supports due to its high surface area and thermal stability. Also utilized in electronics for dielectric coatings and thermal management layers in advanced packaging.