Used in the production of fluoropolymers and fluororubber, providing heat resistance and chemical stability. Commonly found in fire-fighting foams, especially aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), where it helps suppress flammable liquid fires. Applied as a surfactant in coatings, textiles, and paper to impart water, oil, and stain resistance. Also utilized in semiconductor manufacturing for etching and cleaning processes due to its stability and low surface tension. Persistent in the environment, leading to regulatory scrutiny and phase-out in many applications.