Used as a catalyst and acid scavenger in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. Commonly employed in the manufacture of esters, amides, and urethanes. Acts as a curing agent for epoxy resins and as a promoter in polyurethane foam production. Also utilized in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds for surfactants and disinfectants. Frequently serves as a mobile phase additive in chromatography for improving peak resolution.