Widely used in photochemistry and electrochemistry due to its strong luminescent properties and long-lived excited states. Commonly employed as a photosensitizer in artificial photosynthesis systems, dye-sensitized solar cells, and other solar energy conversion devices. Plays a key role in DNA and protein binding studies, where it serves as a luminescent probe for detecting structural changes in nucleic acids and biomolecular interactions. Also utilized in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications, including biosensors and immunoassays, thanks to its efficient light emission upon electrochemical stimulation. Its stability and reversible redox behavior make it suitable for use in molecular electronics and as a catalyst in certain light-driven chemical reactions. Additionally, it is applied in oxygen sensing due to luminescence quenching in the presence of oxygen.