Used as a solid lubricant in high-temperature and high-vacuum environments where conventional lubricants fail. Effective in aerospace and defense applications due to its stability under extreme conditions.

Also applied in catalysis, particularly in hydrodesulfurization processes to remove sulfur from crude oil and other fossil fuels like kerosene, helping reduce air pollution from sulfur emissions.

Investigated for use in electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction in water splitting due to its conductive and catalytic properties.

Employed in the development of semiconductor devices and nanoelectronics because of its layered structure and tunable band gap. Studied for applications in single-crystal transistors and light-detecting devices owing to its interesting electrical properties.

Additionally, used in high-heat resistant materials industries for its excellent thermal and chemical stability, suitable for harsh environments such as industrial furnaces or engine components exposed to high temperatures.