Widely used as a precursor in sol-gel processes for producing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films and nanoparticles. These films are essential in photocatalytic applications, such as self-cleaning surfaces, air and water purification systems, and antimicrobial coatings. Also employed in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its ability to form high-surface-area semiconductor layers. Acts as a catalyst or catalyst support in organic transformations, particularly in oxidation reactions. Its solubility in organic solvents makes it suitable for homogeneous catalysis and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for functional coatings. Frequently used in research for synthesizing hybrid organic-inorganic materials and advanced nanomaterials with tailored optical and electronic properties.