Used as a radioprotective agent to reduce side effects of radiation therapy in cancer patients. Also employed in the treatment of cystinosis, a rare genetic disorder, by lowering cystine levels in cells. Acts as an antioxidant and mucolytic agent, helping to break down mucus in respiratory conditions. Utilized in some cosmetic formulations for hair waving and skin lightening due to its ability to disrupt disulfide bonds in proteins. Investigated for potential use in treating neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders because of its cellular protective properties.