Used in biochemical research for studying amino acid metabolism and enzyme mechanisms, particularly in pathways related to methionine and threonine biosynthesis. Serves as a building block in the synthesis of peptides and modified amino acids for pharmaceutical development. Also employed in cell culture media formulations to support the growth of specific auxotrophic microbial strains requiring homoserine, including in fermentation systems for studying or producing recombinant proteins. Acts as a starting material or inhibitor to control gene expression related to amino acid synthesis in microbial metabolism. Additionally, used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, such as vitamins or certain bioactive substances, and in drug development involving enzyme functions in metabolic pathways.

Its hydrochloride salt form enhances solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, making it suitable for laboratory applications in molecular biology and metabolic studies.