Aluminum nitride is widely used in electronic and semiconductor applications due to its excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties. It serves as a key material in heat sinks and substrates for high-power electronic devices, helping dissipate heat efficiently while maintaining electrical isolation. It is also employed in optoelectronic devices, such as LEDs, where it acts as a substrate for growing gallium nitride layers. Its resistance to molten metals makes it suitable for use in crucibles and linings in metal processing. Additionally, aluminum nitride is used in sensors and actuators operating under high-temperature conditions because of its thermal stability and piezoelectric characteristics.