(S)-But-3-ene-1,2-diol is primarily utilized in the synthesis of chiral compounds and intermediates in organic chemistry. Its structure makes it valuable in the production of fine chemicals, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where it serves as a building block for drugs and bioactive molecules. The compound is also employed in the development of agrochemicals, contributing to the creation of pesticides and herbicides with specific stereochemical properties. Additionally, it finds application in polymer chemistry, where it can be used to modify or create polymers with tailored properties. Its enantiomeric purity is crucial in asymmetric synthesis, enabling the production of optically active substances.