Alrestatin sodium is primarily used in research and experimental settings to study its potential therapeutic effects. It is known for its ability to inhibit aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the polyol pathway. This makes it a candidate for investigating treatments for diabetic complications, particularly those affecting the eyes, nerves, and kidneys. By blocking this enzyme, it may help reduce the accumulation of sorbitol, which is linked to tissue damage in diabetic patients. Researchers also explore its role in managing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with metabolic disorders. Its applications are largely confined to preclinical studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in addressing diabetes-related conditions.