2-Hydroxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde is primarily utilized in organic synthesis as a key intermediate for the preparation of various heterocyclic compounds. It serves as a building block in the development of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of antiviral and anticancer agents. The compound is also employed in the creation of ligands for metal coordination chemistry, which are used in catalysis and material science. Additionally, it finds application in the synthesis of agrochemicals, contributing to the development of herbicides and pesticides. Its versatile structure allows for modifications that enhance the biological activity of the final products.