Streptavidin is widely used in biotechnology and molecular biology due to its strong affinity for biotin. It is a key component in various detection and purification techniques.

In immunoassays, such as ELISA, streptavidin is conjugated with enzymes or fluorescent dyes to detect biotinylated antibodies or proteins, enabling highly sensitive and specific target identification.

It is also essential in affinity chromatography, where streptavidin-coated beads are used to isolate biotin-tagged molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, from complex mixtures.

In molecular imaging, streptavidin is employed to deliver imaging agents, like fluorescent probes or radioactive tracers, to specific cells or tissues by binding to biotinylated targeting molecules.

Additionally, streptavidin is utilized in DNA and protein microarray technologies to immobilize biotin-labeled probes, facilitating high-throughput analysis of genetic or proteomic data.

Its robust binding properties make it a versatile tool in diagnostics, research, and therapeutic development.