Guanabenz hydrochloride is primarily used as an antihypertensive agent to manage high blood pressure. It works by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain, which reduces the sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood pressure. This medication is often prescribed when other antihypertensive treatments are not suitable or effective. Additionally, Guanabenz hydrochloride has been studied for its potential neuroprotective effects, particularly in conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, due to its ability to reduce cellular stress and improve protein folding. It is typically administered orally and requires careful monitoring to manage potential side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness.