AF12198 (TFA) is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine A2A receptor. Its main application lies in neuroscience and pharmacology studies, particularly in the investigation of Parkinson’s disease, where A2A receptor modulation plays a key role in motor control and neuroprotection. Due to its high selectivity and blood-brain barrier permeability, it is employed in preclinical models to evaluate the effects of A2A receptor blockade on dopaminergic signaling and movement disorders. It is also utilized in studies exploring inflammation, immune response, and cancer immunotherapy, as adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment can suppress immune activity. AF12198 (TFA) thus serves as a valuable tool compound for probing adenosine receptor function in both central and peripheral tissues.