Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy research due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure. It is also employed in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as an emissive material because of its strong fluorescence and thermal stability. Commonly applied in fluorescence probes for detecting biomolecules and metal ions in solution. Investigated for use in dye-sensitized solar cells to improve light absorption and electron transfer efficiency.