Used as a photosensitizer in photoredox catalysis, enabling light-driven organic transformations such as C–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Exhibits strong visible light absorption and long excited-state lifetime, making it effective in solar energy conversion and dye-sensitized systems. Also applied in photoelectrochemical cells for its ability to facilitate electron transfer under illumination. Shows potential in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy due to its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light.