Used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems, protecting metal surfaces from oxidation and pitting. Commonly added to industrial water treatment formulations to prevent rust in steel and cast iron components. Employed in agriculture as a micronutrient source of molybdenum for crops, correcting deficiencies in soils to support nitrogen fixation in legumes. Utilized in biochemical and microbiological research as a selective agent in culture media to isolate specific bacteria. Applied in electroplating baths to enhance coating properties and improve adhesion. Also serves as a precursor in catalyst preparation for petroleum refining and chemical synthesis.