Used as a precursor in the production of polymers, especially biodegradable plastics like polybutylene succinate (PBS), which are applied in packaging and disposable items. Employed in the synthesis of resins, plasticizers, and dyes to enhance flexibility and durability. Utilized in the food and beverage industry as an acidulant to provide tartness and regulate pH. Applied in pharmaceuticals as an excipient or active ingredient in formulations for its buffering and chelating properties. Serves as a building block in the manufacture of fine chemicals, including perfumes, agrochemicals, and biocides. Also used in electroplating baths to improve metal deposition and surface finish.