Used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems, protecting metal surfaces from oxidation and pitting. Commonly added to industrial water treatment formulations to prevent rust in steel and cast iron components. Employed in agriculture as a micronutrient source of molybdenum for crops, especially in soils deficient in this element, supporting nitrogen fixation in legumes. Utilized in biochemical and microbiological research to inhibit nitrate reductase activity and in bacterial growth media. Applied in electroplating processes to deposit molybdenum alloys with enhanced wear and heat resistance. Also used in the preparation of catalysts and pigments for industrial applications.