Bromoacetic acid is widely used in organic synthesis as an alkylating agent due to its reactive bromine atom, which readily undergoes nucleophilic substitution. It is commonly employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of amino acids, peptides, and certain antibiotics. In research, it is used to modify proteins and enzymes by alkylating thiol and amino groups, helping to study enzyme mechanisms. It is also utilized in the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, which have applications as biocides and surfactants. Due to its high reactivity and toxicity, handling requires strict safety controls.