Used as a catalyst in petroleum refining and chemical synthesis processes, particularly in hydrodesulfurization to remove sulfur from crude oil. Employed in the production of molybdenum metal and ceramics due to its thermal stability. Serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems and metalworking fluids. Applied in analytical chemistry for phosphate and silica detection in water and environmental samples. Utilized in the preparation of molybdate-based pigments and flame retardants for plastics and textiles. Also used in biological and biochemical research as a source of molybdenum in enzyme studies and cell culture media.