Used as a catalyst in petroleum refining and chemical synthesis, particularly in hydrodesulfurization processes to remove sulfur from fuels. Employed in the production of molybdenum metal and alloys, which are essential for strengthening steel and enhancing heat resistance in industrial applications. Serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems and metalworking fluids. Applied in analytical chemistry as a reagent for detecting phosphates and silicates in environmental and biological samples. Utilized in the manufacture of pigments, dyes, and flame retardants for plastics and textiles. Also used in agriculture as a micronutrient source of molybdenum in fertilizers and animal feed supplements.