Used as a catalyst in petroleum refining and chemical synthesis, particularly in hydrodesulfurization processes to remove sulfur from fuels. Employed in the production of molybdenum metal and alloys, which are essential for strengthening steel and enhancing heat resistance in industrial applications. Serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems and metalworking fluids. Applied in analytical chemistry as a reagent for the detection and determination of phosphates, silicates, and arsenates in water and soil samples. Utilized in the manufacture of pigments, dyes, and flame retardants for plastics and textiles. Also functions as a molybdenum source in agricultural fertilizers and animal feed supplements to correct molybdenum deficiencies in crops and livestock.