Used primarily as a flocculant in water purification to remove suspended particles and clarify drinking water. Commonly employed in small-scale water treatment systems due to its effectiveness and low cost. Acts as an astringent in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in antiperspirants and aftershaves, where it helps reduce sweat and close pores. Utilized in the tanning of leather to improve texture and durability. Plays a role in fireproofing textiles and paper by reducing flammability. Employed in baking powders as an acidulant to help dough rise. Also used in dyeing processes as a mordant to fix colors on fabrics, ensuring long-lasting vibrancy.