Used as a staining agent in thin-layer chromatography to detect organic compounds such as sugars, phenols, and alkaloids due to its strong oxidizing properties and ability to form colored complexes, often producing blue or green colors with reducing agents. Commonly employed in analytical chemistry for the qualitative identification of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Acts as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in oxidation reactions and acid-catalyzed transformations. Also utilized in the preparation of molybdenum-based materials and coatings for corrosion protection. Its electron-dense nature makes it suitable as a contrast agent in electron microscopy for biological samples.