Used in water treatment processes to coagulate and remove suspended particles and phosphates. Effective in both drinking water and wastewater treatment due to its ability to form flocs that trap impurities. Commonly applied in municipal sewage treatment plants to enhance solid-liquid separation. Also used in the electronics industry for etching copper in printed circuit board manufacturing. Serves as a reagent in analytical chemistry for detecting phenols, producing characteristic color changes. Employed in laboratory settings to study corrosion behavior and metal reactivity. Its controlled concentration makes it ideal for calibration and titration procedures.