Used as a catalyst in petroleum refining and chemical synthesis, particularly in hydrodesulfurization processes to remove sulfur from fuels. Employed in the production of molybdenum metal and alloys, which are essential for high-strength steels and corrosion-resistant materials. Serves as a reagent in analytical chemistry for the determination of phosphates, silicates, and arsenates in water and soil samples. Applied in electroplating and as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems. Utilized in the manufacture of pigments, dyes, and flame retardants for plastics and textiles. Also functions as a molybdenum source in agricultural fertilizers and animal feed supplements to correct molybdenum deficiency in crops and livestock.