Used as a staining agent in thin-layer chromatography to detect organic compounds such as sugars, phenols, and alkaloids due to its strong oxidizing properties and ability to form colored complexes. Commonly employed in histology and pathology labs to stain tissue sections, especially for demonstrating mucins and fibrin in connective tissues. Acts as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in oxidation reactions and acid-catalyzed transformations. Serves as a precursor in the preparation of molybdenum-based catalysts for petroleum refining and desulfurization processes. Also utilized in analytical chemistry for the gravimetric determination of certain cations like potassium, ammonium, and heavy metals by forming insoluble precipitates.