Cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride is primarily used in organic synthesis as a building block for creating complex chemical structures. It serves as a key intermediate in the production of specialty polymers and resins, which are often utilized in coatings, adhesives, and composites due to their enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. Additionally, it is employed in the pharmaceutical industry for synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other biologically active compounds. Its reactive anhydride group allows for efficient coupling with various nucleophiles, making it valuable in the development of novel materials and drugs.