ε-N-Crotonyllysine is primarily used in biochemical and proteomic research to study post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. It plays a significant role in understanding lysine crotonylation, a specific type of PTM that regulates gene expression and cellular processes. Researchers utilize this compound to investigate its impact on chromatin structure, transcriptional activity, and cellular signaling pathways. It is also employed in the development of antibodies and detection methods for identifying crotonylated proteins in various biological samples. This helps in exploring its potential implications in diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic conditions.