β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP⁺) is a coenzyme primarily involved in biological processes. It plays a crucial role in anabolic reactions, including lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, where its reduced form, NADPH, serves as a reducing agent. In photosynthesis, NADP⁺ acts as an electron acceptor in the Calvin cycle, being reduced to NADPH to facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose. In cellular metabolism, the NADP⁺/NADPH redox couple enables key reactions, helping maintain cellular oxidation-reduction balance. NADPH is essential for countering oxidative stress by regenerating antioxidants such as glutathione. Applications include biochemical and molecular biology research to investigate enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways.