Used primarily in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hematologic malignancies, this compound acts as a chemotherapy agent by interfering with DNA synthesis. It is particularly effective during the S-phase of the cell cycle, where it incorporates into DNA and inhibits chain elongation, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. It is also used in the management of meningeal leukemia due to its ability to reach therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system. In research, it serves as a tool to synchronize cell cycles and study DNA replication and repair mechanisms. Additionally, it has been explored for antiviral applications, particularly against herpesviruses, due to its inhibitory effects on viral DNA polymerase.