Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is widely used in biomedical research to study inflammatory responses and immune system regulation. It plays a critical role in understanding autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis. Researchers utilize TNF-α to develop and test therapeutic agents, including TNF inhibitors, which are effective in managing these conditions. Additionally, TNF-α is employed in cancer research to explore its dual role in promoting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis in certain cancer cells. Its applications extend to studying sepsis and other inflammatory disorders, providing insights into potential treatment strategies.