Metoclopramide is primarily used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, particularly those involving delayed gastric emptying, such as gastroparesis, where the stomach empties more slowly than normal, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and bloating. It works by increasing muscle contractions in the upper digestive tract, helping to move food through the stomach and intestines more efficiently.

In addition to gastroparesis, metoclopramide manages nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or pregnancy. It is commonly administered to cancer patients to alleviate these side effects and improve comfort. It also prevents aspiration during anesthesia by reducing the risk of stomach contents entering the lungs and facilitates gastrointestinal diagnostic procedures by accelerating gastric emptying.

Metoclopramide is utilized in treating migraine headaches, especially those with accompanying nausea and vomiting, by relieving symptoms and potentially enhancing other migraine treatments. Its use is generally short-term due to risks like tardive dyskinesia from prolonged administration.

In summary, metoclopramide is a versatile medication for gastrointestinal motility disorders, various causes of nausea and vomiting (including chemotherapy-induced, postoperative, pregnancy-related, and migraine-associated), aspiration prevention, and diagnostic aid. It should be used under medical supervision to avoid side effects.