Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories as a key component in protein electrophoresis. It denatures proteins by breaking non-covalent bonds, allowing them to be separated based on size during SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). This technique is essential for analyzing protein purity, molecular weight, and composition.

In cleaning products, SDS acts as a surfactant, effectively removing dirt and grease from surfaces. Its ability to lower surface tension makes it a common ingredient in detergents, soaps, and shampoos, where it helps to emulsify oils and lift away debris.

In the pharmaceutical industry, SDS is used as an excipient in drug formulations to improve the solubility and absorption of active ingredients. It also serves as a stabilizer in certain medications.

Additionally, SDS is utilized in DNA extraction protocols to disrupt cell membranes and release nucleic acids, aiding in the isolation of genetic material for research and diagnostic purposes. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a valuable compound across various scientific and industrial applications.