Used in leather tanning to lower pH and remove hair and natural fats from hides. Employed in textile dyeing and finishing as a reducing agent and pH regulator. Serves as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed to prevent spoilage. Applied in agriculture as a miticide to control parasitic mites in beekeeping. Utilized in oil and gas industries for scale removal and well stimulation. Acts as a key intermediate in the production of esters, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. Used in household and industrial cleaning products for descaling and stain removal.