Used as a staining agent in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to detect organic compounds such as sugars, alkaloids, and steroids, producing visible colored spots upon heating. Also serves as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in oxidation reactions. Employed in analytical chemistry for the spectrophotometric determination of phosphate and silicate levels in environmental and biological samples. Acts as a mordant in dyeing processes and as a corrosion inhibitor in metal surface treatments. Additionally, utilized in the preparation of electrochromic and conductive materials due to its redox properties.